GigaCompute Design Principles

The Promises of the Layer 2 Roadmap

Layer 1 blockchain typically rely on off-the-shelf hardware, leading to architectural constraints:

• Serial execution models that limit concurrency

• Inefficient memory access and cache patterns

• Resource contention between unrelated applications.

Layer 2 chains, on the other hand, are free to decouple performance from consensus. Furthermore, they are not limited by hardware constraints and can scale across multiple machines. While existing layer 2 chains have not yet gone beyond the scale of a single, powerful machine, GSVM promises to fully re-architect the execution stack. GSVM introduces the following concepts to the world of blockchain:

High-level

• Hardware/software co-design

• Cross layer-optimizations

• Strong isolation between applications, even under load supporting performance non-interference

• Dynamic horizontal scaling

Network

• Near line-speed processing

• Probabilistic (Bayesian) execution pre-confs

• Performance-based sequencing

• Latency-optimized tx routing

Runtime

• A self-improving runtime that relies on reinforcement learning

• Computational abstraction

• Hybrid concurrency to support transaction resource non-interference

• Hotspot-aware hardware-affine scheduler guaranteeing isolation of applications under load

Database

• Disk-minimizing sequencer-driven caching

• Hotspot-aware parallel NVMe array back-end supporting data non-interference

• Hardware-accelerated SSD-aligned accounts DB

• Fast state commitments for light clients