# GigaCompute Design Principles

## The Promises of the Layer 2 Roadmap 

Layer 1 blockchain typically rely on off-the-shelf hardware, leading to architectural constraints:

* Serial execution models that limit concurrency
* Inefficient memory access and cache patterns
* Resource contention between unrelated applications.

Layer 2 chains, on the other hand, are free to decouple performance from consensus. Furthermore, they are not limited by hardware constraints and can scale across multiple machines. While existing layer 2 chains have not yet gone beyond the scale of a single, powerful machine, GSVM promises to fully re-architect the execution stack. GSVM introduces the following concepts to the world of blockchain:

**High-level**

* Hardware/software co-design
* Cross layer-optimizations
* Strong isolation between applications, even under load supporting performance non-interference
* Dynamic horizontal scaling

**Network**

* Near line-speed processing
* Probabilistic (Bayesian) execution pre-confs
* Performance-based sequencing
* Latency-optimized tx routing

**Runtime**

* A self-improving runtime that relies on reinforcement learning
* Computational abstraction
* Hybrid concurrency to support transaction resource non-interference
* Hotspot-aware hardware-affine scheduler guaranteeing isolation of applications under load

**Database**

* Disk-minimizing sequencer-driven caching
* Hotspot-aware parallel NVMe array back-end supporting data non-interference
* Hardware-accelerated SSD-aligned accounts DB
* Fast state commitments for light clients